{"id":73268,"date":"2023-09-09T10:52:19","date_gmt":"2023-09-09T16:52:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/spacecenter.org\/?page_id=73268"},"modified":"2023-09-20T08:26:41","modified_gmt":"2023-09-20T14:26:41","slug":"kennedy-lectern","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/spacecenter.org\/exhibits-and-experiences\/starship-gallery\/kennedy-lectern\/","title":{"rendered":"John F. Kennedy\u200b Lectern"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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COLLECTION HIGHLIGHT<\/p>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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John F. Kennedy Lectern<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Home<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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President Dwight D. Eisenhower addresses the convocation in William M. Rice Institute\u2019s Autry Court on October 24, 1960. He is standing at a podium. A crowd of people are seated behind and next to him. \/ Source: “President Dwight D. Eisenhower speaking at Autry Court, Rice University.” (1960) Rice University: https:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/1911\/70616.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Setting the stage for presidents and cultural icons<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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IBM developed the design for this lectern in 1954. While the exact production date of the lectern is unknown, the date stamp on its clock motor is 1957. The lectern features walnut veneer and framing. It is in three parts on casters, with fittings for microphones, power cords, incandescent lamps, electric timer and clock. It also features an adjustable document panel, motor and half the height adjustment mechanism below the desk frame, which made it unique and popular for use amongst addresses delivered by high-ranking officials.<\/p>

The first documented image of the lectern being at Rice University was of President Dwight D. Eisenhower speaking at Autry Court October 24, 1960. The artifact arrived at Space Center Houston in 1992 as a gift from Rice University, commemorating its 30 years of operating the nation\u2019s first space science institute.<\/p>

An extensive search for other IBM lecterns of the period found many images of this type of lectern used by state and federal governments, corporations and universities during the last half of the 20th century.<\/p>

This specific lectern has graced the presence of several historical figures, including President Eisenhower, President Jimmy Carter, then-Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson and NASA administrator James E. Webb. However, the most famous and well-documented instance of its use was during President John F. Kennedy\u2019s iconic “moonshot” speech on September 12, 1962 at Rice University in Houston, Texas.<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u201cBut why, some say, the moon? Why choose this as our goal? And they may well ask why climb the highest mountain? Why, 35 years ago, fly the Atlantic? Why does Rice play Texas?<\/p>

We choose to go to the moon. We choose to go to the moon in this decade and do the other things, not because they are easy, but because they are hard.\u201d <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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John F. Kennedy, Address at Rice University on the National Space Effort, 12 September 1962<\/p>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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The shadow of a doubt <\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Early in 2023, a news story cast doubt on the authenticity of the lectern. The story was driven by claims that due to differences in the color, height and number of visible sections, the lectern at Space Center Houston was not the lectern that President Kennedy used for his famous \u201cmoonshot\u201d speech. Space Center Houston took proactive measures to ensure the accuracy of historical representation and enlisted the help of a prominent artifact conservator.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Enlisting a team of experts<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Paul Spana<\/strong> and Carmina Mortillaro<\/strong>, Space Center Houston\u2019s curatorial team, began authentication and conservation efforts by conducting extensive research into the historic context of the lectern.<\/p>

To further authentication efforts, the team engaged prominent conservator Steve Pine<\/strong> to help establish the authenticity of the IBM lectern in April 2023. Pine retired in 2023 as Senior Decorative Arts Conservator at the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston after 32 years of service. As the first conservator hired by the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Pine cared for a variety of 3-dimensional objects that ranged from 17th through 21st-century furniture and decorative arts including gilding, upholstery, modern and contemporary design in wood, plastics and metal. He currently owns a private practice with a focus on furniture and objects conservation.<\/p>

The team enlisted prominent clock appraiser Ralph Pokluda<\/strong>, past president of National Watch and Clock Collectors, Inc. (NWCC), to restore the non-functional clocks on the lectern\u2019s desk. Pokluda stars on PBS\u2019s Antiques Roadshow as their resident clockwork appraiser and has previously owned a Houston-based clock gallery appraisal and restoration business. In support of Space Center Houston\u2019s mission, Pokluda generously provided his skills pro bono to bring the clocks back to working order.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\"Conservator
Conservator Steve Pine examines the lectern's desk clock features. \/ Photograph by Aaron Rodriguez<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>
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Carmina Mortillaro, Collections Specialist at Space Center Houston, and Pine examine the lectern at his conservation lab. \/ Photograph by Aaron Rodriguez<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>
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A look at the inner mechanism of the IBM lectern. The IBM lectern\u2019s inner mechanism raises and lowers the lectern to the speaker\u2019s preferred height. This was an innovative feature that other lecterns of the time did not feature. \/ Photograph by Aaron Rodriguez<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>
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Four fabrication IDs \u201c12\u201d are twice stamped, one each written in carbon pencil or green pencil on the lectern\u2019s interior components. These are often found in cabinetmaking shops to identify sections dedicated to a single piece of furniture when multiple units of the same shape but for idiosyncratic decorative matched surfaces such as the walnut veneer this group of lecterns. \/ Photograph by Aaron Rodriguez<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>
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View of the top of the lectern after Pine completed his conservation efforts. Photocopies of President Kennedy\u2019s speech and handwritten notes rest on the lectern\u2019s desk. \/ Photograph by Aaron Rodriguez<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>
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The buttons that were used to raise and lower the lectern\u2019s inner mechanism to the speaker\u2019s preferred height. Due to missing portions of the mechanism, this function is no longer usable and obscures part of the original lectern height set by President Kennedy. \/ Photograph by Aaron Rodriguez<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
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Reviving a prominent artifact in space history<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Pine and the Space Center Houston curatorial team thoroughly investigated and confirmed the lectern\u2019s authenticity, putting an end to the debate surrounding this significant artifact.<\/p>

Initial examination confirmed the wood grain pattern and three-part construction of the lectern is wholly consistent with the lectern in historic images of the President making the speech.<\/p>

On removal of the thick layers of varnish that were applied to the lectern later in its existence, the wood grain patterns in the walnut veneer and solid walnut framing of the top section were found to match those features in all the images of President Kennedy giving his speech at Rice Stadium. The IBM lectern donated by Rice University is a rare survivor as only two other lecterns of that design were found to be more complete than this example.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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FEATURE HIGHLIGHT<\/p>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Written in wood grain<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Pine and the Space Center Houston curatorial team used IBM lectern\u2019s wood grain to definitively authenticate the lectern. Use the interactive slider below to compare the photo from President Kennedy\u2019s \u201cmoonshot\u201d speech to the present-day lectern.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Standing the test of time<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Conservation efforts on the lectern shed light on its original features. Tap the numbered circles below to learn more.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Microphones & Clock<\/h4>\nMicrophones of the same model used by President Kennedy were restored and added to the lectern on display. From the speaker\u2019s perspective, a clock and timer within the lectern have been restored to functionality. Wiring for these features and other mechanical components are consistent that commonly used in the 1950s and early 1960s.\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t
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Replica of Kennedy’s “moonshot” speech<\/h4>

Included on the lectern on display is a partial replica of the speech featuring Kennedy’s handwritten notes. A last-minute addition to the speech that drew applause from the crowd at Rice Stadium: his inclusion of the question “Why does Rice play Texas?”<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t

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Varnish Removal<\/h4>\nOver its lifetime, the lectern had several coats of wood varnish applied to most walnut veneer faced surfaces. Part of the efforts to conserve this artifact included removing the varnish which obscured the natural color and figure of the solid wood and decorative plain cut walnut veneers.\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t
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Raising\/Lowering Mechanism<\/h4>\nHalf the height adjustment mechanism that is housed within the middle section is missing. Without that component the top section is not supported, and the resulting loss of height obscures the presence of the middle section, or the third section of the lectern viewable from historic \u201cmoonshot\u201d speech photos. This also keeps the lectern adjustable deck from functioning.\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Relive the moment lunar missions were made.<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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See the full exhibit in our Starship Gallery.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\tExplore Starship Gallery<\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

COLLECTION HIGHLIGHT John F. Kennedy Lectern President Dwight D. Eisenhower addresses the convocation in William M. Rice Institute\u2019s Autry Court on October 24, 1960. He is standing at a podium. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":21,"featured_media":73344,"parent":19482,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-73268","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nJohn F. Kennedy\u200b Lectern - Space Center Houston<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Relive the moment when lunar missions were made. Visit this exhibit in the Space Center Houston Starship Gallery.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/spacecenter.org\/exhibits-and-experiences\/starship-gallery\/kennedy-lectern\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"John F. Kennedy\u200b Lectern\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Relive the moment when lunar missions were made. 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